Transcriptional Regulator Antibodies

DNA transcription is the copying of DNA into RNA by RNA polymerase. This process can be regulated at many different points in the transcription process. The regulation controls when the transcription can begin and essentially how much of the RNA will be manufactured. RNA polymerase is principally responsible for the transcription of a gene and can effectively be regulated by specificity factors, repressors, general transcription factors, activators, and enhancers. A regulatory protein is involved in the transcriptional regulation and the transcriptional regulator antibodies can bind to these proteins and affect their mechanism of action as well. Specificity factors change RNA polymerase and its specificity for certain ligands or promoter regions. Repressors bind to the DNA promoter regions and essentially block or at least partially block RNA polymerase from binding to start transcription. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to certain DNA sequences and are involved in the process of transcription. Activators augment the action of RNA polymerase and its affinity for the promoter region of DNA. Enhancers exist on the actual DNA helix and assist in the transport of the DNA promoter region to the initiation complex.

The Melatonin Receptor 1A antibody binds against the melatonin receptor 1A. The melatonin receptor 1A protein itself has an extremely high affinity for melatonin. Melatonin is a neurotransmitter and a hormone that helps in the regulation of reproductive and circadian actions. Many circadian actions, otherwise known as the seasonal clock, are dependent the length of the day depending on the season. This regulates actions such as hibernation, sleep patterns, camouflage coloring, and reproduction in animals. In plants, melatonin has been known to regulate photoperiod defenses and is present in many consumable foods (although its presence has not found to actually elevate melatonin levels in humans who ingest it). The melatonin receptor 1A itself is regulated by specific G proteins that are pertussis toxin sensitive and fundamentally inhibit the activity of adenylate cyclase. Anti-wilms tumor 1 antibody binds against a transcriptional regulator factor that plays an instrumental role in cellular development, specifically the urogenital system, and cell survival. The target protein has a tumor suppressor and thus plays a specific role in suppressing the formation of tumors and even in the formation of tumors (when the tumor suppressor malfunctions). There are many isoforms of this protein, and they tend to act differently. Particularly, certain isoforms will have a lower affinity or attraction to DNA but can bind to RNA as well. Defects in WT1 cause Frasier syndrome, Wilms Tumor 1, and Denys-Drash syndrome. Frasier syndrome is a urogenital disorder characterized genital tumors and male pseudohermaphroditism (where affected individuals are genotypically male however have external female characteristics). Wilms’ tumor is a cancer of the kidneys that usually occurs in children. Denys-Drash (although very rare) presents with gonadal dysgenesis, nephropathy, and tumors.